Part I: Identification. Identify seven of the following items. Consider such questions as who, what, when, where, why, and so what. (4 points each; 28 maximum)
1. Robert Hunt
2. Kiva
3. Bartolome de las Casas
4. Halfway Covenant
5. William Bradford
6. Roger Williams
7. Left Wing or Radical Reform
8. Magisterial Reform
9. cuius regio eius religio
10. civic humanism v. classic liberalism
Part II: First Essay Question. Answer one of the following two questions. Your answer should be as clear and complete as possible. (36 points)
1. Ernst Troeltsch in his definitive study of European religion, The Social Teaching of the Christian Churches, described three "types" of European religion: church, sect, and mysticism. Describe each of these. Why are the terms church and sect less useful in the study of American religion?
2. European settlers in America found that native religions differed significantly from tribe to tribe and area to area. Nonetheless, some characteristics common to most if not all native religions set them apart from European religion and enable us to generalize about them. Using the religion of the Navajo or of Pueblo Indians of the Southwest as your example, discuss native religions noting both characteristics held in common with the Europeans and distinctive elements.
Part III: Second Essay Question. Answer one of the following two questions. Your answer should be as clear and complete as possible. (36 points)
1. In spite of the intention of most early settlers in the thirteen colonies to establish religion, they could not agree on a single establishment. Using what you learned from Marty's book and from class, compare and contrast the establishments of Virginia, Massachusetts Bay, and New Netherland.
2. Three of the original thirteen colonies stand apart from the others because of their commitment from the beginning to toleration of dissent. Name the three and discuss the early history of two of them. Consider colonies that instituted toleration on principle, not those later driven to toleration by social developments.
Part I: Identification items. Identify SEVEN of the following items. Be as precise as possible, and try to indicate the historic significance of the person, event, or thing. (4 points each)
1. Gilbert Tennent
2. John Humphrey Noyes
3. Richard Allen
4. James McGready
5. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG)
6. Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom
7. John Leland
8. Brook Farm
9. Francis Asbury
10. Orestes Brownson
Part II: Essay questions. Write extensive essays on TWO of the following questions. Be as specific and as thorough as possible. (36 points each)
1. Martin Marty retells the story of the Great Awakening as an important element in the growth of religious toleration in America. How did the Awakening encourage toleration? How did it alter the general tenor of religion in America?
2. Martin Marty describes changes occurring in America in the last years of the eighteenth century as three revolutions, a military-political revolution, an ideological revolution, and a constitutional revolution. Describe the three and explain Marty's reasons for believing that the ideological revolution in ways of thought was a necessary precondition for the constitutional revolution in church and state relations.
3. President Ezra Stiles of Yale College predicted that most Americans would be Congregationalists, Presbyterians, or Episcopalians. He was wrong. Explain the early nineteenth century democratization of religion and describe the new churches of the people, their styles of worship, their clerical leadership, and their popularity.
Part I: Essay Question. Write an essay on ONE of the following topics. Be as complete and accurate as you can. (40 points)
1. The final years of the nineteenth century presented American Protestantism with several formidable challenges. Enumerate the challenges and explain two of them in detail with an explanation of Protestant response(s). Cite examples of these responses in some detail.
2. The inter-war years (1920-1939) in America constituted a period of acute conflict for American religion. Discuss the fundamentalist-modernist conflict of this period. Define each movement and consider some of the major issues dividing them.
Part II: Identification Questions. Identify TEN of the following. Be as precise as possible in the space allotted. (4 points each)
1. Isaac Mayer Wise
2. Thomas Merton
3. James Gibbons
4. William James
5. Swami Vivekananda
6. Josiah Strong
7. John Nelson Darby
8. Charles Coughlin
9. Theodore Weld
10. John R. Mott
11. Vine Deloria, Jr.
12. Reinhold Niebuhr
Part III: Multiple-choice items. Circle the letter before the appropriate response. 2 points each)
1. The founder of the Paulist Fathers was
a. Thomas Merton
b. James Gibbons
c. Isaac Hecker
d. Charles Coughlin
2. The popularizer of Theosophy in America was
a. D. T. Suzuki
b. Sun Myung Moon
c. Horace Bushnell
d. Madame Helena Blavatsky
3. Henry Ward Beecher
a. was minister of Pilgrim Church in Brooklyn
b. believed evolution and Christianity were compatible
c. had an affair with his choir master's wife
d. all of the above
4. Wovoka was also known as
a. John T. Scopes
b. Jack Wilson
c. John Garner
d. Homer Tomlinson
5. D. T. Suzuki
a. introduced Shinto to America
b. advocated utopian socialism
c. introduced Zen Buddhism to America
d. none of the above
6. An early leader of the Jehovah's Witnesses movement was
a. Ellen Gould White
b. Charles Taze Russell
c. Billy Sunday
d. William Miller
7. American Protestant revivalists included all of the following except
a. Fulton Sheen
b. Charles G. Finney
c. Billy Graham
d. Dwight L. Moody
8. An early advocate of the Social Gospel was
a. Dwight L. Moody
b. Charles Hodge
c. Walter Rauschenbusch
d. Mary Baker Eddy
9. The New York City minister who popularized liberal Protestantism was
a. Thomas Merton
b. Charles Coughlin
c. Harry Emerson Fosdick
d. George Baker
10. The founder of the Krishna Consciousness Movement was
a. Madame Helena Blavatsky
b. A. C. Bhaktivedanta
c. D. T. Suzuki
d. Swami Vivekananda