Ingolf Vogeler, Types of International Borders along the U.S.-Mexico Border

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Walled Borders

Only four walled  borders (constructed out of earth and stoned), which were massive military barriers, existed in ancient times, dating back 2,500 years and reflecting the Chinese, Roman, and, to a lesser degree, Danish empires to keep “barbarians” outside their respective “civilized” societies. Today, earth and stones have been replaced with wire fences and steel and enforced-concrete walls, but keeping “The Other” out continues. The only earthen, technically bermed, wall exists along the eastern edge of Western Morocco, which Morocco has occupied and claims as its own in violation of United Nation resolutions.