Ingolf Vogeler, Types of International Borders along the U.S.-Mexico Border

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Fenced Borders

The most benign fortified borders are only fenced; indeed, many international borders are at least partially fenced, usually extending in both directions from border crossings. Most fences are made of wire with razor-sharp or barbed wire on top.        
            In the example of the Bhutan border with India (see photo), the border fence is made of metal strips with periodic watch towers (unused in 2010) and it located only within the built-up area of two border cities of Pheuntscholung, Bhutan, and Jaigon, India. Outside the cities no barriers are found, but the local rivers and mountains make vehicle crossings essentially impossible, but not for people walking into Bhutan to find work. Indeed, Bhutan uses the fenced border within the urban areas to make the flow of migrants into its country more difficult but hardly to seal the border.