BIOL 465/ENVS 465 - Aquatic Ecosystems Dr. R. B. Brugam M W F 12:30-1:20 p.m. SL 3225 Office SL 3317 LAB F 8:30-10:30 p.m. SL 1216 Text: Goldman and Horne - Limnology WEEK 1 LAKES March 27 M Introduction 1 29 W Lake Origins 18 pp342-347 31 F Light and the Aquatic System 3 2 April 3 M Density Layering 4 5 W Oxygen 7 7 F Inorganic Carbon 7 ***TERM PAPER TOPICS DUE APRIL 7*** 3 10 M Inorganic Carbon (cont'd) 7 12 W Redox Potential 7 pp104-105 14 F Nitrogen 8 4 17 M Phosphorus 9 19 W EXAM 1 14 (329-336) 21 F Other Nutrients 10 5 24 M Other Nutrients 10 26 W Other Nutrients 10 28 F Phytoplankton 12 6 May 1 M Phytoplankton 12 3 W Zooplankton 13 5 F Zooplankton 13 ***TERM PAPERS DUE FOR REVIEW MAY 5*** 7 8 M Benthos 13 10 W EXAM 2 12 F Applied Limnology 20 ***REVIEWERS RETURN TERM PAPERS MAY 13*** STREAMS 8 15 M Physical Characteristics of Flowing Water 16 17 W Primary Producers of Flowing Water 16 19 F Composition of Benthic Invertebrate Faunas 16 9 22 M Feeding Mechanisms of Benthic Invertebrates 16 24 W Ecological Energetics of Stream Communities 16 THE SEA 25 F Physical Oceanography TBA 10 29 M NO CLASS 31 W Chemical Oceanography TBA June 2 F Biological Oceanography TBA ************FINAL VERSION OF TERM PAPERS DUE 5:00 P.M. - FRIDAY, JUNE 2************ ************FINAL EXAM - FRIDAY, JUNE 9, 1988************ 1. Laboratories: March 31 Measurement of Calcium, Magnesium, Alkalinity, and Specific Conductivity April 7 Measurement of Oxygen and Primary Productivity - Field trip April 14 Measurement of Phosphate April 21 Zooplankton Predation Experiment April 28 Limnological Examination of Beaver Dam Lake - Field trip May 5 Laboratory Examination of Material from Beaver Dam Lake May 12 Library work for Term Paper May 19 Limnological Examination of Tower Lake May 26 Laboratory Analysis of Tower Lake Material June 2 Trip to Indian Creek 2. Grading: Laboratory Reports a. Short Reports 5% b. Long Reports 10% Exam 1 15% Exam 2 15% Term Paper 25% Final Exam 30% Total 100% 3. Laboratory Procedures: For each of the laboratories in weeks 1 through 4, the whole class will analyse the data. Each student will submit his or her data immediately after the lab session (short lab report). The whole class will analyse the data. During the fieldwork phase of the lab (weeks 5 to 10), each student will be required to write a 2 to 3 page typewritten report on the lab results (Long Reports). Those students who do not have a long lab for a particular lab meeting will be required to submit a short lab report on their work. A copy of the short report will be given to the person who is writing the long report. Each student will be assigned a different portion of the field project to complete. The burden of work will be fairly apportioned. It is expected that each student will write at least 2 lab reports during the quarter. The reports will be due the week after the lab in which the field data are analysed. 4. Field Trips: There is one major field trip planned. On this day the lab may run a little bit late, so please plan accordingly. There will be NO alcoholic beverages on the trips. It is not a fishing trip, but rather a scientific expedition. Further information will be provided in class. 5. Term Paper: Term papers in most classes are formalities which do not provide much more than work for students and teachers without much learning. This year we will try a different approach. I believe that it is important to present scientific data clearly. I am asking you to practice with your term paper for this course. Most work done by ecologists involves solving environmental management problems. It is important to present recommendations in writing. I am asking you to solve a management problem with your term paper in exactly the same way an ecologist working for a private corporation or the government might. The possible topics are listed in another part of this syllabus. The term paper that you write will be treated exactly as a paper submitted to a scientific journal. It will be reviewed, revised, and resubmitted before being graded. For this reason, the paper will be due on May 5th. Late papers will have grades severely reduced. Papers will be submitted in TRIPLICATE. During the seventh week of class, the papers will be reviewed by two of your fellow students who will write their comments on the copies. On Monday, May 15th, the reviewed papers will be returned to the instructor who will collate them and return them to the original authors for revision. The authors must then revise the term papers and resubmit with the reviewed copies by Friday, June 2. I must bring to your attention a major resource for those writing term papers (and theses) at our library. It is a Current Contents for Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences. This publication catalogues recent work in Ecology and Environmental Science. To research a particular topic, get the last three months of Current Contents from the resource desk and look up the topic in the subject index of each issue. The Current Contents should list every article published on your topic over the previous two weeks. In most cases, our library will not have the journal which contains that article, but you can order a copy from Carbondale through inter- library loan. Because this takes a while, you must start this process early. The value of Current Contents is that it allows you to review the very latest work in your field. Final grades on term papers will be determined by the instructor on the basis of term paper content and quality of the authors reviews of his or her colleagues papers. The term papers must adhere strictly to good scientific practice. The bibliographic citations should follow the pattern of the journal Limnology and Oceanography. If you are unfamiliar with this pattern, check the back issues in the library stacks. The data in the paper should be taken from primary scientific sources (i.e., journal articles). Textbooks and popular magazines are not appropriate sources. I list below a series of NO-NO`s for term paper authors. If you do any of these things you will get a poor grade. 1. Copy directly from a source without citation. This is the worst academic crime. It will result in an E for the course. 2. Not referencing ideas. Everything that is non-intuitive should have a source cited. 3. Not reading every reference in your bibliography. 4. Too much illustrative material. Every figure you use should be referred to in the text. It is inappropriate to Xerox figures from reference works and to use them to fill out the paper. 5. Not having a main theme. You must tie your paper together with a main idea. A bunch of jumbled facts is boring. 6. Poor bibliographic citation. Each reference in the bibliography should allow the interested reader to find the cited work again. 7. Bad English usage. The paper need have no specific organizational scheme. Do not provide an abstract. Please type the paper so that reviewers can read what you write. The maximum length of the paper should be 10 pages. Possible Term Paper Topics in Aquatic Ecosystems 1. Paleolimnological Indicators of Eutrophication 2. Changes in Great Lakes Fish Stocks Under Human Influence 3. Origin of Salt in the Ocean 4. Control of Primary Production in the Ocean 5. Development of Strip Mine Lakes After Mining 6. Primary Production on Coral Reefs 7. Calcification and the Growth Rate of Corals 8. Impact of Acid Rain on Aquatic Ecosystems 9. Bog Growth and Development 10. Feeding of Zooplankton 11. Impact of Fish Feeding on the Production of Benthic Insects in Lakes 12. Fauna of Deep Sea Vents 13. Marine Benthic Diversity 14. Life in the Bathypelagic Zone of the Sea 15. Controls on the Distribution of Chara in Lakes 16. Sulfur Metabolism of Lakes 17. Silica and the Control of Diatom Distribution 18. Population Ecology of Hermit Crabs 19. Impacts of Acid Mine Drainage on Lakes 20. Impact of Acid Mine Drainage on Streams 21. Changes in the Great Lakes Fish and Fauna Caused by Human Activities 22. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides in Fishes 6. Outside Readings: Rather than assign a non-scientific book to you, I will require you to read a group of journal articles. They will mostly fill in the "TBA" sections of the course. The articles will be placed on reserve in the library under BIOL 465. y fill in the "TBA" sections of the course. The articles will be placed on reserve in the library under BIOL 465.