EXAM 5
- BIOLOGY 111X
NAME___________________________________
Dr.
Richard Brugam
4/4/97
1. Which of the following is the best
statement of the "biological species concept"?
a. A species is a group of similar individuals.
b. A species is a group of organisms, all having the same scientific
name.
c. A species is a group of interbreeding organisms that are
reproductively
FF isolated
from all other species.
2. Evolution by natural selection is similar
to artificial selection by a stock-breeder of his cattle.
a.
True b. False
3. Malthus believed
a. That the resources of the world can be expanded by human ingenuity
to accommodate the needs of any number of people
b.
That human populations expand more rapidly than resources
c.
That species originated by special creation
4. Uniformitarianism is the idea that
a.
It is better to wear a uniform than not
b.
The world has been shaped by a series of geological catastrophes
c.
The world is not very old
d. The present-day world is the result of processes like those we see
acting today
5. Aristotle believed:
a.
That all organisms evolved from a common ancestor
b.
That a Creator made the world and all living things
c.
that all organisms could be organized in a sequence from simple to
complex
6. In special creation theory, fossils are
a.
The remains of animals that died in catastrophes
b.
Animals that were ancestors of today's animals
c.
Strange geological formations
7. Mutations are directed at producing the
fittest organism possible.
a.
True b. False
8. A key fact in Evolutionary theory is that
the earth is old. How old is the earth?
a.
6,000 years
c. 4.5 billion years
b.
100 million yearsR d. 13 billion years
9. If evolution acts to maximize fitness, and
fitter rabbits are ones who are quick
enough to escape predators, why do we not
see a constantly increasing rate of
speed in rabbits over time? (i.e.
Why are there no 500 mph rabbits?)
a.
The increase in speed is there, but it takes place over a long time.
b. There is an upper limit to the speed of a rabbit made of flesh and
bone.
c.
Predators do not also increase their speed.
10.
Most mutations benefit the organism that carries them.
a.
True b. False p73
11. Darwin
believed that species change as a result of
a.
Special creation
b.
Chance genetic recombination
c.
Natural selection favoring the best adapted individuals
d.
Use and disuse of characters
12.
Kelvin's argument was
a.
The earth is old because of radioactive isotopes
b.
The earth is young because it is still cooling
c.
The earth's age is unknown
13.
England has improved its air pollution laws in recent years. What should have happened to the peppered
moth?
a.
Nothing
b.
The dark version should increase in abundance
c.
The light version should increase in abundance
d.
Bird predation should decline
14. We
interpret the phrase "survival of the fittest" to mean
a.
The more fit animal is bigger and stronger than the less fit
b.
The more fit animal has more offspring that the less fit
c.
The more fit animal has more offspring that grow up to reproduce than
the less fit
15.
What caused the increase in the melanic form of the peppered moth from about
1850
to 1960?
a.
Selection by birds of conspicuous moths
b.
Evolution of the moth to resist the toxic effects of pollution
c.
Genetic Drift
d.
Mutation
16. As
citrus farmers in California began using cyanide gase against red scale, what
happened?
a.
Citrus crops were saved.
b.
The red scale was exterminated.
c.
The red scale moved to another tree species.
d.
The red scale developed a resistance to cyanide.
17. Linneaus'
main contribution to biology was:
a.
Discovering cells
b.
Discovering DNA
c.
inventing the binomial system of nomenclature
d.
Inventing Mendelian genetics
18.
Each species of firefly has a particular pattern of flashes. This represents:
a.
Polymorphism
c. Selection for diversity
b.
A cline
d. A pre-mating
antihybridization mechanism
19. In
a real population, the number of individuals that survive to reproduce is
a.
Large b. Small
c. Unknown
20. The
most common method for new species to originate is
a.
Sympatric speciation
c. Genetic drift
b.
Allopatric speciation
d. Founder effect p73
21.
There is strong selection against interspecific mating. Why?
a.
Because offspring of such a mating are generally infertile.
b.
Because offspring of such matings are fully fertile.
c.
Because offspring of such matings are most like their mothers.
22.
Human races are not true species. We
know this statement is true because:
a.
There is no reduction of fertility in interracial matings
b.
Some mutations (like Cystic fibrosis & Sickle Cell anemia) are
limited to particular races
c.
Inter-racial marriages are illegal in some countries.
23.
Darwin believed that new species
a.
Originate by spontaneous generation
b.
Originate by natural selection of the best-fitted individuals
c.
Originate by chance association
24.
Allopatric speciation requires
a.
The geographic isolation of populations
b.
High mutation rates
c.
A very large population of organisms
25. A
species is a group of individuals who can interbreed among themselves but not with
others outside the group.
a.
True b. False
26. The
evolution of resistance to pesticides by noxious insects is a major problem
for farmers and pesticide manufacturers.
a.
True b. False
27. The
Scala Naturae was:
a.
An opera house in Milan
b.
Darwin's view of the world
c.
Cuvier's name for fossils
d.
Aristotle's idea that living things could be organized from simple to
complex
28.
Hybrids between good biological species are usually fully fertile.
a.
True b. False
29. The
peppered moth developed a dark form because of
a.
Genetic drift
c. Selection by predatory birds
b.
Sexual selection
d. The action of sunlight on
moth wings
30.
Lamarck's theory of evolution is based on
a.
Special creation
b.
The inheritance of acquired charactistics
c.
Natural selection
31. How
many dots are in the bottom left-hand corner of this page?
a.
One b. Two
Essay
Question
32.
Peppered moths in England changed from light to dark pigmentation during the
industrial revolution. Explain how this happened. What is its significance to evolutionary
theory.