International Journal of African and African American Studies (IJAAAS) is a quarterly multidisciplinary on-line, refereed journal. Its goal is to bring scholarly discourses within an easy reach of a global audience. No subscriptions are needed to access any and all of our articles. Articles selected for publication must deal with issues incidental to Africa and the Diaspora. The editors and management of IJAAAS are neither liable nor responsible for any statement, comment or claim, made by the author/s of articles accepted for publication. No monetary rewards are provided or solicited in relation to the submission, editing or publication of any article in IJAAAS.