STANDARD 2 - Human Development and Learning
The teacher understands how individuals grow, develop and learn and provides learning
opportunities that support the intellectual, social, and personal development of all students.

Knowledge Indicator: The competent teacher
2A. Understands how students construct knowledge, acquire skills, and develop habits of mind.
2B. Understands that students' physical, social, emotional, ethical, and cognitive development
influences learning.
2C. Understands human development, learning theory, neural science, and the ranges of individual
variation within each domain.
2D. Understands that differences in approaches to learning and performance interact with
development.
2E. Understands how to include student development factors when making instructional decisions.
2F. Knows the impact of cognitive, emotional, physical, and sensory disabilities on learning
and communication processes.

Performance Indicators: The competent teacher
2G. Analyzes individual and group performance in order to design instruction that meets learners’
current needs in the cognitive, social, emotional, ethical, and physical domains at the appropriate
level of development.
2H. Stimulates student reflection on prior knowledge and links new ideas to already familiar ideas and
experiences.
2I. Introduces concepts and principles at different levels of complexity so that they are meaningful to
students at varying levels of development and to students with diverse learning needs.