SIUE

Dallas L. Browne, Ph.D. Office: PH 0227

Culture of African Americans, 311 Time: 9:30 - 10:45 A.M.

Section 001 Office Hours: 3:00 P.M.

Classroom PH 0405 M, W, or by appointment

http://www.siue.edu/~dbrowne/

Culture of African Americans: SPRING 2004

The need to justify the inhumane enslavement of millions of humans led to the creation of the MYTH that African-Americans have NO culture of their own. Worse still some argued that African American culture existed but that it was inferior to mainstream American culture.

This course exposes students to a variety of exquisite art forms created by African-Americans, as well as selected features of their rich and varied culture. These institutions and traditions reveal the hollowness of the claim that blacks have no culture, as well as the specious reasoning and inaccurate conclusions of racial supremacist arguments. This sets the stage for a healthy mutual appreciation of African-American and mainstream American culture. Recently the entire world has begun to show an appreciation for the richness and depth of African-American culture and to treasure it. Mainstream American culture has also begun to incorporate the music, humor, and literature of African-Americans. The intellectual and cultural contributions of African-Americans to American culture grow in importance annually. These contributions are gaining broad recognition and appreciation. African-American culture has constantly encouraged its bearers to place high value on the struggle to achieve justice and equality. This quest has benefitted all Americans by forcing America to move ever closer to the full realization of its highest and most noble professed ideals and principles. African-American culture is one of America's strengths.

Course Requirements: Each student is responsible for READING ALL ASSIGNED MATERIAL, whether it is COVERED IN CLASS or NOT. You are expected to TAKE GOOD NOTES IN CLASS and on the material that you READ. Moreover, you are expected to REVIEW your notes in your STUDY GROUP weekly. Readings are listed by day and should be COMPLETED BEFORE coming to CLASS so that you can PARTICIPATE IN CLASS DISCUSSIONS. Knowledge of basic definitions, concepts, personalities, theories and vocabulary are required.

1. Vigorous class participation.

2. Paper. Each student is to select one African-American anthropologist, scientist, writer, artist, or soldier, and to write a five to seven page paper on his/her life, accomplishments, and times. Either choose one of the anthropologists listed in Ira Harrison’s book African-American Pioneers in Anthropology, or a famous soldier like General Benjamin O. Davis or Collin Powell, a Civil Rights leader, like Dr. King, Jessie Jackson, or Malcolm X, a writer, such as Langston Hughes, Maya Angelou, or Zora Neal Hurston, or a social movement like the Colored People’s Convention or the “Back to Africa Movement” to write about. Detailed instruction will be given to you in class on the paper project. Please note the following deadlines:

a. Choosing Your Subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 1/29

b. Preliminary Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 2/05

c. Thesis Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 2/19

d. First Draft of Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4/20

e. Final Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/27

The following source will offer students especially tips on how to write research papers; Diana Hacker, A Pocket Style Manual. Other Useful tips can be found at the following online sites:

St. Martin guide to writing a research paper.

http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/history/research/student/intro.htm

How to write a research paper and survive.

http://ww3.munet.edu/library/researchpaper.htm

Sonoma State tips on writing a research paper.

http://libweb.sonoma.edu/research/process/tips.html

Mount St. Vincent University Library.

http://www.msvu.ca/library/paper2.htm

Purdue Online Writing Center.

http://ow1.english.purdue.edu/workshops/hypertext/ResearchW/

10 Tips for research and writing a research paper.

http://www.tui.edu/Research/Resources/ResearchHelp/HowToWritePaper/TableOfContents.html

How to write a scientific paper.

http://www.nmas.org/Jahowto.html

3. There will be quizzes, a mid-term exam on April , 2004 and a final examination on May 5, 2004 at 8:00 A.M. Be on time please! (Consult the SPRING 2004 Course Catalogue for exact time).

4. Grading. A letter grade of "C' indicates acceptable performance; a grade of "B' indicates excellent performance; and an "A" is reserved for truly outstanding work that demonstrates originality and an ability to apply what has been learned in this course to daily life or to other courses offered throughout the university.

          Class participation.......................…..…..10%
         Paper ………….........................….……..30%
          Mid-term examination 4/08…….............30%
          Final examination 5/05......................….30%                                            TOTAL..................................…………….100%
Extra credit can be earned to tip a borderline grade. This will be explained in class. Options include visiting the St. Louis Old Court House Courtroom where the Dred Scott Trial was held and reenacting the trial as well as visiting the St. Louis Black World Heritage Museum (Must make advanced reservations so call at least two weeks before going). The St. Louis History Museum in Forest Park has an excellent exhibit on Black Music.

5. Text used. Holloway, Joseph E. Africanisms In American Culture, Ira Harrison, African American Pioneers in Anthropology, St. Clair Drake Black Metropolis, Melvin D. Williams, The Human Dilemma: A Decade Later in Belmar, Maullane, Crossing The Danger Water, Lawrence Otis Graham’s Our Kinf of People:Inside America’s Black Upper Class, and Allison Davis Deep South. All of these books are available through textbook rentals or the SIUE Bookstore. Davis' Deep South is also available at the reserve desk of the SIUE Lovejoy Library. Other readings will be available at the reserve desk of the SIUE library upon request. Ask for the readings for Anthropology 311.

+Recommended reading: Lawrence Levine, Black Culture and Black Consciousness; Charles Johnson, Middle Passage; Charles Johnson, Shadow of the Plantation ; John Gwaltney, Drylongso; and Huston Baker, Black Literature In America ; E. Franklin Frazier, Negro Youth at the Crossways or Black Bourgieouse ; Milton M. Gordon, Assimilation In American Life ; James H. Jones, Bad Blood: the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment - a Tragedy of Race and Medicine ; Kathy Russell, Midge Wilson and Ronald Hall, The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Among African Americans ; James M. Washington, ed. The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr.; David Levering Lewis, W.E.B. DuBois: Biography of a Race; W.E.B. DuBois, The Suppression of The African Slave-Trade to the United States of America 1638-1870; W.E.B. DuBois, The Souls of Black Folk; W.E.B. DuBois, Dusk of Dawn: An Essay Toward an Autobiography of a Race Concept; W.E.B. DuBois, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study; James Weldon Johnson, The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man; Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy; Henry Lee Moon, The Emerging Thoughts of W.E.B. DuBois; Paul Robeson, Here I Stand; LeRoi Jones, Blues People; Benjamin Quarles, ed. Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave Written By Himself; Martin R. Delany Blake or the Huts of Africa; William Loren Katz, Black Indians: A Hidden Heritage; Jack D. Forbes, Africans and Native Americans: The Language of Race and the Evolution of Red-Black Peoples; Wilson Jeremiah Jones, The Golden Age of Black Nationalism 1850-1925; Albert J. Raboteau, Slave Religion: The ‘Invisible Institution’ in the Antebellum South; Frank Snowden, Blacks in Antiquity, and Before Color Prejudice; J.A. Rogers, World’s Great Men of Color, Vol I & II; E. Franklin Frazier, The Negro Church in America; Carter G. Woodson, The History of the Negro Church in America; Carter G. Woodson, Free Negroes in America; Carter G. Woodson, The Mis-Education of The Negro; Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings; Jack Foner, Blacks and the Military in American History; Colin Powell, My American Journey; Henry O. Flipper, The Colored Cadet at West Point; John Storm Roberts, Black Music of Two Worlds; Alan Lomax, The Land Where Blues Began; William Julius Wilson, The Truly Disadvantaged, and The Declining Significance of Race; Oliver Cox, Caste, Class, and Race; Charles Willie, Caste and Class Controversy; Herbert Gutman, The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom; Henry Louis Gates and Cornell West, African-American Century: How Black Americans Have Shaped Our Country; Henry Louis Gates, Signyfying Monkey; Joel Chandler Harris, Uncle Remus: His Songs and Sayings, and Nights With Uncle Remus; Langston Hughes, The Book of Negro Folklore; Zora Neal Hurston, Mules and Men, and God’s Trombone; Randall Robinson, The Debt: Reparations; Nathaniel Huggins, Harlem Renaissance; Michael Eric Dyson, Race Rules: Navigating the Color Line; Michael Eric Dyson, Between God and Gangsta Rap: Bearing Witness to Black Culture; Cornell West, Race Matters; Benjamin Quarles, The Negro and the American Revolution; Benjamin Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro; Benjamin Quarles, John Brown and the Negro; Langston Huges, The Ways of White Folks; Langston Hughes, The Best of Simle and Simple’s Uncle Sam; James, Stolen Legacy; Booker T. Washington, Up From Slavery; Harlan, Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskeegee; Daniel Littlefield, Rice and Slaves: Ethnicity and the Slave Trade in Colonial South Carolina; Leon Dash, When Children Want Children: An Inside Look at the Crisis of Teenage Parenthood; Leon Dash, Rosa Lee: A Mother and Her Children in Urban America.; Richard C. Wade, Slavery in Cities:The South 1820-1860; James D. Anderson, The Education of Blacks in the South; Hattie Carwell, Blacks in Science: Astrophysics to Zoologist; Ivan Van Sertima, ed. Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern; Charles E. Jones, The Black Panther Party Reconsidered; Andrew Billingsley, Climbing Jacob’s Ladder: The Enduring Legacy of African-American Families; Carol Stack, All Our Kin; Demitri Shimkin, et. Al. The Extended Family in Black Societies; Jules Tygiel, Jackie Robinson and His Legacy: Baseball’s Great Experiment; Eloise Greenfield, For the Love of the Game: Michael Jordon and Me; Arthur Ashe, Arthur Ashe, Portrait in Motion; Althea Gibson, I Always Wanted to be Somebody; Nicholas Lemann, The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America; Alex Kotlowitz, There Are No Children Here: The Story of Two Boys Growing Up in the Other America; John Edgar Wiedman, Brothers and Keepers; Jonathan Kozol, Savage Inequalities; Charles Blockson, Black Genealogy; Irma McClaurin, ed. Black Feminist Anthropology; Harold Cruse, The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual; Ralph Ellison, The Invisible Man; Franz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks; Bart Landry, The New Black Middle-Class; John Fernandez, Black Managers in White Corporations; Stephen Birmihgham, Certain People: America’s Black Elite; Daniel Thompson, A Black Elite; Richard Freeman, Black Elite; Lois Benjamin, The Black Elite; Martin Luther King, Jr. Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community? This list is indicative of the rich literature on African-Americans, it is not exhaustive. It should help students to imagine or begin to develop a topic for their paper. For information on selected African cultures please visit the Yale University online electronic anthropology database known as eHRAF at: http://ets.umdl.umich.edu/e/ehrafe

COURSE OUTLINE

“Forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit.” Virgil - Aeneid

Perhaps this will be a pleasure to look back on one day.

WEEK ASSIGNMENT TOPICS

T 1/13 Holloway, x - xxi Introduction and Orientation

R 1/15 Holloway, x – xxi The Image of Africa WHAT TYPE OF ORANGE?

T 1/20 Basil Davidson African Civilizations/Mali Library Reserve Desk – Lovejoy Library SIUE

R 1/22 Snowden, Chapter 1 Is Color Prejudice Ancient? Lovejoy Library – Reserve Desk DISCUSS PAPER

T 1/27 Matt Emerson 47-82 What the Past RevealsQUIZZ Lovejoy Reserve Desk. In Theresa Singleton, ed. I Too, Am America. VIDEO: Unearthing The Slave Trade.

R 1/29 Matt Emerson 47 - 82 African Am. Archaeology. Recommended Reading: Robert Schuyler,ed. Archaeological Perspectices on Ethnicity in America: Afro-American Culture. VIDEO: Digging For Slaves: The Excavation of American Slave Sites.47

T 2/03 VIDEO: Mo Fuuny:A History of Black Comedy

R 2/05 Recommended: John Slave Culture QUIZZ John W. Blassingame. The Slave Community or Blassingame, "Sambos and Rebels: The Character of the Southern Slave." in Lorraine A. Williams, ed. Africa and the Afro-American Experience: Eight Essays. Mullane. 20-48 Phillis Wheatley & Banneker CHOOSE TOPIC FOR PAPER

T 2/10 Holloway 1 - 18. Africanism in America

R 2/12 Holloway 19 – 33 English & African Languages Mullane. 51-72 Resist or Return? Walker BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR PAPER DUE ON NOTE CARDS IN CLASS

T 2/17 Holloway 19 – 33 The Smitherman Argument E.Whatley,”Language Among Black Americans” 92-107 W. Labov, “Recognizing Black English” 29 – 55 G. Smitherman. “It Bees Dat Way Sometime” 552-567 “Black on White” All available on Library Reserve.

R 2/19 Holloway 19 - 33 Black English/AAVE

T 2/24 http://wn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_English_Vernacular

http://www.indiana.edu/~eric_rec/ieo/bibs/blckvern.html

http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/aave.htm

http://www.lsadc.org/faq/ebonics.htm

Rickford, John. African American Vernacular English:features, evolution, educational implications. Malden. Blackwell Publshers. 1999.

R 2/26 Holloway 35 – 68 Voodoo, Hoodoo, & the Mojo QUIZZ Mulaane. 100-129 AMISTAD Case THESIS SENTENCE FOR PAPER DUE

T 3/02 Holloway 35 – 68 Folklore Mulaane. 139-183 Frederick Douglass VIDEO: Gullah Folk Tales.

R 3/04 Holloway 69 - 97 African-Am Folktales Mullane. 247-273 Gullah & Gichii

T 3/02 Jones 10 – 31 Assimilation or Annihilation Mullane. 247-273. Brer Rabbit and Friends

R 3/09 Holloway 98 – 118 Religious Retentions ? QUIZZ

T 3/11 Suggested: Afro-Am Church Evolution E. Franklin Frazier. The Negro Church.

R 3/16 SIMULATION: The Dred Scott Trial. Mullane. 132-138 DRED SCOTT

T 3/18 Wade et. passim Slave Culture In Cities Recommended: Richard Wade. Slavery In The Cities.

R 3/23 Cultural Resistance Harriet Tubman/Mullane 189 VIDEO: Roots of Resistance: A Story of the Underground Railroad. 14

T 3/25 Black Artists/Paintings Duncanson,LewisTannerQUIZZ Harrison Ch 6 Katherine Dunham Mullane. 207-246 John Brown/N.Y.C. Draft Riots SLIDE Lecture

R 3/30 Mulanne. 293-364 13^th, 14^th, & 15^th Amendments

Exodustusters/Black Cowboys

T 4/01 Founding LIBERIA: A refuge for Ex-slaves Mullane: 76-73.

T 4/06 Mullane. 354-392 Booker T. vs. W.E.B. DuBois VIDEO: BOOKER T. WASHINGTON: Life and Legacy. VT733

R 4/08 Midterm In Class. Bring a pencil & eraser.

T 4/13 Discuss Examination Allison Davis Browne Chapter 8 in Harrison, African-American Pioneers in Anthropology.

R 4/15 Browne Ch 8 Davis, Race & IQ Mullane. 348-353 “We Wear the Mask” Graham. Our Kind of People. Et. passim.

T 4/20 Allison Davis and Segregation and Culture in Davis & Gardner, Deep South.Ch. 1-10 Mullane. 421-440 Plessy v. FergussonGraham. Our Kind of People. Et. passim.

R 4/22 Black Contributions to U.S. Military Culture. QUIZZ Mullane. 460-467 Returning Soldiers VIDEO: "The Buffalo Soldiers." FIRST DRAFT OF PAPER DUE

T 4/27 Recommended: Syhilis, Research QUIZZ James H. Jones. Bad Blood. Ethics

R 4/29 Malcolm X Black Nationalists Mullane. 468-508 Lynching/ “I Too” Browne, "Malcolm X: Three Identities, Three Worlds." Reserve Desk Library. VIDEO: "Make It Plain." FINAL PAPE DUE IN CLASS. St. Clair Drake 31 – 64 Our Kind of People Graham:et. passim ,Mullane. 455-459 Chicago Defender

Mullane. 534-542 “Joe Louis” Brown Bomber & Scottsboro Boys: See Jullitee Walker, the History of Black Business.

FINAL EXAM on Wednesday May 5, 2004 from 8:00 A.M. – 9:40 A.M. GOOD LUCK!