ANTHROPOLOGY 111, SECTION 001

SIUE

Dallas L. Browne    Office: Peck 0206, Tel: X 2138 
Introduction To Anthropology 111    Time: 9:30A.M.-10:45A.M./M,W,F 
Section 001 Office Hours 10:50- 11:50 A.M. 
Classroom PH 2405 Web Site: http://www.siue.edu/~dbrowne
 
Introduction To Anthropology:  Spring 1999
 
Course Objectives:
    The purpose of this course is to fulfill the university's general education goals by helping students to learn the processes anthropologists use to gain knowledge. They will become familiar with the philosophy that guides anthropological research, and will understand the relationship of anthropology to other major traditions of society. In the process they will become acquainted with the broad cultural foundation of human societies. Students will learn about communication abilities that we share with other animals and the distinctive skills that set us apart from other living creatures. They will briefly study the role of religion, economics, politics and kinship in culture.

    Each student is expected to READ ALL ASSIGNED MATERIAL, whether it is COVERED IN CLASS or NOT. You must TAKE GOOD NOTES on ALL READINGS and LECTURES, as well as REVIEW these once each week in preparation for classroom discussions and examinations.  Knowledge of basic terms, concepts, theories, vocabulary and key personalities is required.

 
Course Requirements:

1. Vigorous class participation.   This will include giving an oral report in class on one chapter from one of the following monographs, Frances Bearden's The Aztecs of Central Mexico:  An Imperial Society, due 03/02 and 03/04.  This will count as ten percent of your course grade.  Prepare well.

2. Study groups. To be explained in class. Three persons per group.

3. Quizzes:  May be given at any time throughout the semester without warning.  Be prepared daily!

4. Controversial essay.  Imagine that you were hired by the SIUE Anthropology Department.  Your job is to help students your age and rank who attend school on a Navaho Reservation in Ganado, Arizona near Windowrock.  Up-to-date books are rare, yet Indian youth hunger for accurate information. They have heard of two great anthropological monographs, Francis F. Bearden's The Aztecs of Central Mexico:  An Imperial Society.   Imagine the Department of Anthropology at SIUE has hired you as a teaching assistant for their distant learning experiment. Your job is to study this monograph and write an interesting, informative, exciting and if possible humorous review of one of these books. Remember that English is not the mother tongue of your students, so keep your language clear, simple,  unambiguous, and easy to understand. Your review should try to make your Navajo students excited by and interested in anthropological issues.  This may help to keep their minds active until their tragic circumstances on their reservations improve or they can find jobs elsewhere.  Give them the help that you would want if you were in their shoes.
    Ambitious students may want to spice up their reviews by reading additional material, such as R.C. Padden's book The Hummingbird and the Hawk on Aztec history and culture.  Reading more widely and including a discussion of these works in your internet report will be given extra credit.  For additional extra credit, or for students who want to know more about their Navajo audience I would recommend reading one or more of  the following books;  Ruth M. Underhill, The Navajos, Clyde Kluckhohn and Dorothea Leighton, The Navajo and Peter Iverson's The Navajo Nation.  Writing a three page book review of any of the three books on the Navajo cited above will earn extra credit.
    Please purchase a clean folder and print or type your full name, the course title and the course number on a separate title page.  In your review raise interesting questions, such as "Why did the Aztec engage in cannibalism?,"  "What purpose did the large Aztec pyramids service, i.e. were they tombs, altars, etc.?," Did the Aztec have social classes?"  "Did the Aztec worship one god or many gods?"  "Where the Aztecs cannibals?"  "Why do some cultures permit human sacrifice, i.e. is there a food shortage oris this purely ritualistic?"  Also use five KEY WORDS correctly (identified by bold type in the Haviland textbook) from reading, such as cannibalism, ritual sacrifice, polytheism, religious syncretism, theocratic state, social classes, etc.  Your argument should contain five to seven major points that support your thesis with evidence.  Use examples and or quotations three lines or longer from the book that you read to illustrate each point, where possible.  After demonstrating that you understand what you read, then write a page that shows that you can use this information by relating it to what you are learning in at least one other class, through reading, or from personal experience.  At the very end of your review you can offer your opinion and state whether you liked or disliked the book and whether you agreed or disagreed with the author and explain why, so that your Navajo students will understand why you hold your views
    This assignment is worth 30% of your total grade. A FIRST DRAFT is due in class for peer review on February 23, 1999. Individual conferences are scheduled for March 22nd through the 26th, 1999. The FINAL PAPER is DUE April 1, 1999 in class.
 
5.   Examinations.  There will be three examinations. The first exam exam is February 11,1999. The second exam is April 15,1999.  Your final examination begins at 8:00 on Monday May 3, 1999.
 
6.  Quizzes.  May be given at any time. One class period in advance notice is customary.
 
7.  Grading.  A letter grade "C" indicates acceptable performance; a grade of "B" indicates excellent performance; and an "A" is reserved for outstanding performance that demonstrates originality and an ability to apply what has been learned in this course to daily life or to other courses.
 
8.  Summary of Grade:
 
a. Class participation  10% 
    Due dates:  03/02 and 03/04  
b. Controversial book review essay  30% 
    Due dates: 02/23, 3/22 - 3/26,04/01
c. Examinations: 
1. First exam 2/11  20% 
2. Second exam 04/15  20% 
2. Final exam 05/03 20% 
TOTAL  100% 
 

9. Text used: All students are expected to have their own copies of the following text which are available from the SIUE textbook store and rental center.
a. William A. Haviland.  Anthropology.  Eighth Edition.
b. Aaron Podolefsky and Peter J. Brown.  Applying Anthropology:  An Introductory Reader.  5th
c.  Francis F. Berdan.  The Aztec of Central Mexico:  An Imperial Society.
d.  John Hostetler and Gertrude Enders Hungtington.  The Hutterites in North America.

These books are also available from the SIUE Textbook Rental Center and the SIUE library.

 

COURSE OUTLINE
DATE  ASSIGNMENT  TOPICS 
QUESTIONS:  What is anthropology?  Describe and discuss the four major sub disciplines within anthropology.  What do anthropologist  in each sub-area do?  Discuss participant observation, holism, cultural relativity, and ethnocentrism.
T 01/12  Haviland pp. 2-29 Introduction to course and Orientation 
QUESTIONS:  1. Which scholars and theories paved the way for Charles Darwin's theory of evolution? 
2. How would you explain Darwin's theory of evolution? 
3. How would you describe Gregor Mendel's genetic experiments and his particulate theory of heredity? 
R(Th) 01/14  Podolefsky pp.6-13 
Haviland. pp. 55-77
Evolution: Theory vs. hypothesis 
Are we closer to Angels or Apes? 
The Mechanisms of Evolution:  Natural Selection & Mutation
FILM: Evolution in Process    06 M 030 
Questions :  1. Discuss the forces responsible for biological diversity among primates. 
2. Discuss the role of mutation and natural selection in evolution. 
3. Discuss the role of random genetic drift, recombination and gene flow in evolution. 
T 01/19 Haviland. pp. 83-115 
Haviland. pp. 117-135
Primate Relatives? 
Primate Evolution
Questions: 1. List and explain the four major anthropological applications of primatology. 
2. Explain what differentiates primates from other types of mammals. 
3. Discuss the statement: "Primate evolution was directed toward an ultimate primate - the human." Include in your essay some mention of primate characteristics and the evolutionary trends of primates. 
4. Based on the Whitten article "Sharing In Human Evolution," explain what you think might have been the evolutionary trend that led to the growth of the human brain. Keep in mind the archaeological evidence that hominid brain growth did not precede bipedalism, tool use, or a home base and sharing. 
5. Explain the significance of Smuts' conclusion in the article "What Are Friends For?" which reads, "Maybe it is time to pay more attention to what men must do in order to obtain women's cooperation?" 
6.  What are the functions of sex for bonobos?  For humans?  Why does Frances de Wall say of bonobos, "Females rule the business.  It's a good species for feminists"?
FILM:  Jane Goodall:  A Life in the Wild - The Chimpanzees  #145
R(Th) 01/21 Podolefsky. pp. 15-25.   Power, dominance and gender among primate groups. Carefully note articles, "What are Friends For?" & "What's Love Got to Do With It?" 
 AND
Haviland pp. 137-157. 
Podolefsky. pp. 26-38
Dating techniques, Lucy and Human Origins. 
Feder "Dawson's Dawn man:  The Hoax at Piltdown."
 Labor Day:  No class, thus read, reflect, take notes.
 *****First exam coming soon -  Be Prepared!!!.
T 01/26  Haviland pp. 163-203 Homo Erectus and Hunting Strategies
FILM: The Making of Mankind Episodes 2 & 4 - One Step & Beyond Africa # 154-155
Questions:  1.  When and why did the "Great Leap Forward," occur? Did modern humans automatically replace Neanderthals in Europe, the Near East and Asia? 
2.  Describe the cultural life of early hominids and Neanderthals then compare and contrast them with the cultural life of Homo Sapiens and Cro-Magnon. 
3. What does the Piltdown Hoax tell us about fraud and skepticism in science? 
4. When, where and for how long did the Neanderthals live? What do you think caused their extinction? 
5. Discuss the statement that". . . in diversity lies strength and resilience" in relation to the eugenics movement of the early 20th century. 
6.  Why did the participants at the UNESCO symposium on race conclude, "It is false to see racism as the mere consequence of economic phenomena, when it is not objective economic situations that encourage racism but their subjective interpretations." What did they mean? Discuss this, using examples like Schindler's List and the holocaust, the Turkish massacre of Albanians, race relation in Mississippi, etc. 
7.  Discuss Ashley Montague's findings when he re-examined Yerkes Alpha Army Test administered to 1.5 million veterans during W.W.I.  Why did Yerks believe that the 15 point reported differences in I.Q. between whites and blacks was genetically determined and explain why Montague believed that this was due to environmental factors? 
R(Th) 01/28 FILM: The Making of Mankind -Episodes 5-6 -Neanderthals vs. Killer Apes #156-157
T 02/02 Haviland pp. 206-249  Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens/ Out of Africa & Eve Theory 
R 02/04 Haviland pp. 311-327 
Podolefsky pp. 207-216
Race and Human Diversity 
Diamond.  "Race Without Color" and "UNESCO Statement" 
T 02/09 Haviland pp. 328-339 
Podolefsky pp. 217-220
Race, Racism, Culture and I.Q. 
McIntosh "White Privilege:  Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack"
R 02/11 First Examination.  Bring pencil and eraser to class
T 02/16 Haviland pp. 31-51  How Archaeologists Work
Questions:  1. What are the tenets of the "new" archaeology? Use the Koster to provide examples. 
2. Discuss the three major goals or levels of analysis which archaeology has. 
3. What do the articles by Renfrew ("What's New in Archaeology'?") and Monastersky ("Fingerprints in the Sand") have to tell us about the value of the archaeological record for the human species? Why does the preservation and study of ancient artifacts and sites matter? 
and
Podolefsky pp. 80-89 The First Americans:  When Did They Arrive?  Was the invention a blessing or a curse?  Disease and Dickson's Mounds.
R 02/18 Haviland pp. 429-461 
 
 
Food Foragers/ Hunter-Gatherers. 
Equals, Sexual Division of labor, Carrying Capacity, Share
Haviland pp. 452-454 Pastoralist:  Nomads vs. Transhumance/ Organized for war?
PAPER DUE TUESDAY 2/23, i.e. next week 
FILM:  The Hunters:  Bushmen of the Kalahari  VT 564
T 02/23 Haviland pp. 275-297  Horticulture and Agriculture
Questions: 1.  What is domestication?  What is the Neolithic revolution?  When did it occur & why? 
2.  Was agriculture invented once or many times independently?  Explain. 
3.  Discuss the hunting and gathering lifestyle.  Explain why it lasted four million years. 
4.  Discuss the Theories of V. Gordan Childe, Braidwood, Binford and Flannery. 
5.  Discuss the technological, csocial and behavioral characteristics of the Neolithic. 
6.  Compare Ali Kosh, the Tehuacan Valley and the Linear Culture of Europe.
****FIRST DRAFT OF BOOK REVIEW ESSAY DUE IN CLASS/PEER REVIEW. 
****PAPER DUE - Be prepared!!!!
FILM:  The Hunters:  Slash and Burn Agriculture  06 M 043
R 02/25 Haviland pp. 453-461 
Haviland pp. 283-309
Intensive Farming, Population Explosions and Resource Depletion 
The Rise of Civilizations.  Cities and High Culture.
Questions: 1 . Choose two of the following anthropologists and discuss their theories on the origin of civilization: Childe, Adams, Flannery, Hassan, Haas, Carniero. 
2. Discuss the Prime-Mover theories, on the origin of civilization, mentioned in the Howard textbook. 
3. Compare the ancient cities of the Old World with the ancient cities of the New World, specifically referring to the cities mentioned in the Howard textbook.
T 03/02 Haviland pp. 299-309  What Causes Civilizations To Fall?
  ***Reports presented in class on Bearden's The Aztec of Central Mexico
R 03/04 Continue reports on Bearden's The Aztec of Central Mexico in class.
FILM:  500 Nations MEXICO -  The AZTECS  #121, if time permits.
MARCH  8-14 SPRING BREAK:  No Classes.  Read, take notes and review.
R 03/16 Haviland pp. 369-397 Language and Culture 
FILM:  Washoe/ Teaching Sign Language to the Chimpanzee 12M 516 & 517
Questions: 1. Discuss the influence of culture on language and of  language upon culture. Bring the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis into your discussion. 
2. Discuss the difference between pidgins and creoles. How does the concept of Mon diglossia apply to the use of Haitian creole and standard French in Haiti? 
3. What are the cultural implications of the creation of a national language? 
4. Using Stephen Thayer's article, "Close Encounters, 'I how does the U.S. compare to other cultures in terms of touching? Note gender differences in U. S. touching patterns. 
5. Many people believed for centuries that Language made man closer to angels and put us above other primates. What implications does Koko's ability to learn sign language and understand spoken speech have for this belief? 
T 03/18 Haviland pp. 369-397 
Podolefsky pp. 154-180
 Kinesics, Language and Culture 
Kinesics, Proxemics and Touch Communication.
Carefully note articles #24, 25, & 26.
FILM:  With or Without Words  #J 3
MARCH 22-26   Individual conferences on essays.  MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY.
***Bring essays to PH 0206, my office,  on the date and at the time that your conference is scheduled.
T 03/30  Haviland pp. 341-367 Theories of Culture 
Questions: 1. Discuss the contributions and theories of Tylor and Morgan. Include the criticisms of their work. 
2. What are the differences between the functionalism of Malinowski and the structural-functionalism of Radcliffe-Brown? 
3. Discuss the school of thought labeled culture and personality. 
R(Th) 04/01 Haviland pp. 398-423 Coming of Age in Samoa/Patterns of Culture.
**** FINAL PAPER DUE IN CLASS, typed and corrected.
T 04/06 Haviland pp. 296-298 Beginning Fieldwork/Participant Observation/Informants.
Questions: 1. Why do the Yanomamo beat their wives? What cultural values does such behavior reflect? Describe your own subjective response to Yanomamo wife beating, and discuss your response in relation to the anthropological notion of cultural relativity. 
2. Discuss the central disagreements between the Tiv and Bohannan about the meaning and story line of Hamlet. Are the elders right or wrong? Give reasons for your answer. 
3. The United States is a stratified society in which a gift of food is thought to require reciprocation at the very least with thanks and appreciation. The Kung are an egalitarian society in which thanking the hunter for the meat he provides is unheard of. Consider the connections between social stratification, egalitarianism and expressing thanks for food. 
FILM:  A Man Called "Bee".  Studying The Yanomani Indians of Brazil  #102 
R(Th) 04/08 Podolefsky pp. 148-153  Conducting Fieldwork:  Participant Observation.
T 04/13 Haviland pp. 493-523  Review for exam in class.
R(Th) 04/15 *****SECOND EXAM. ***  Bring pencil and eraser to class 
T 04/20 Haviland pp. 493-523 Sex and Marriage.
R(Th) 04/22 Podolefsky pp. 276-299  Wife Sharing, Polygyny, and Dowry Deaths/ Religion 
T 04/27 Haviland pp. 638-665 
Podolefsky pp. 321-324
Religion and Culture/Shaman & Priest 
Voodoo, Zombies, and Hallucinogenic Plants
Questions:  1. Compare the role of shaman, Keeper of the law, priest and prophet. 
2. Discuss the variety of forms that supernatural entities take. 
3. Which elements of Christianity have the Melanesians stressed in their "cargo cults?" 
4. Why is the devil in Jun Nash's article "Devils; Witches and Sudden Death" a masculine figure for Bolivian miners? Compare his role to that of the Pachamama or the Virgin. What does this say about the concepts of male and female among these people? 
5. Explain Wade Davis' conclusions about the role played by zombification in Haiti. 
6. Why do some members of Holiness churches of Appalachia handle serpents during their religious services?
R(Th) 04/29 Podolefsky pp. 251-268.  Culture and Gender. 
Questions: 1. In many hunting and gathering societies women bring in a greater proportion of the daily diet than men. Why then, according to Friedl, do men still have some dominance in most foraging societies? 
2. How does purdah limit women's access to family planning services?  What is Gameen Bank's strategy for reducing women's isolation?  How are economic conditions liked to the use of contraceptives?  What do women mean when they say that through Gameen Bank they have "learned to talk"? 
3. What values do Chinese instill in their children?  What type of child care is provided for working Chinese mothers?  What punishment is used in kindergarten?  Why did Mao consider it important that Chinese women work outside of the home?  Has the large number of women in the Chinese workforce contributed to social or psychological problems for youth or to the decline of the Chinese family?  Why are boys called "little princes" and valued more than girls?  Why do some rivers have signs that read "Do not dump the bodies of dead female infants here"?
FILM:  Not Without My Veil.    #88 if time permits.
FINAL Examination Review in class, if time permits.
Monday May 3, 1999 8:00-9:40 A.M. ## FINAL EXAMINATION ##: Bring a pencil and eraser. 

GOOD LUCK!!!!!!!

*****Should you need your final grade before the Registrar officially mails them, then you must leave a stamped, self-addressed postcard asking for your grade with the professor.
 
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