Plot of Tippecanoe Battleground

 

Lesson Plan

Grade level(s):  9-10, (Can be used and adapted for 8th grade level.)

Time frame:  1-2 days in or out of class

Subject matter:  Scale diagrams/scale models, area, perimeter

 

Teacher information:

 

Julie Caluwe Ladwig

Edwardsville High School

Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

jladwig@ecusd7.org

 

Lesson Plan Description and Rationale:

 

Using a hand drawn plot of the American forces’ camp at Tippecanoe and a historical account of the plot, students will create a legend (scale) for the illustration, determine the area and perimeter of the plot, and write several paragraphs about their procedures as well as a discussion of the apparent pros and cons of relying on either type of source of information.  Area, perimeter, and use of scale diagrams are all topics in basic geometry and in most integrated courses as well.  Seeing these often text-book contrived topics applied in a real historical context should prove more interesting and relevant.

 

State Standards:

STATE GOAL 6: Demonstrate and apply a knowledge and sense of numbers, including numeration and operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), patterns, ratios and proportions.

6.D.4 Solve problems involving recipes or mixtures, financial calculations and geometric similarity using ratios, proportions and percents.

STATE GOAL 7: Estimate, make and use measurements of objects, quantities and relationships and determine acceptable levels of accuracy.

7.A.4b Apply formulas in a wide variety of theoretical and practical real-world measurement applications involving perimeter, area, volume, angle, time, temperature, mass, speed, distance, density and monetary values.

7.B.5 Estimate perimeter, area, volume, and capacity of irregular shapes, regions and solids and explain the reasoning supporting the estimate.

7.C.4b Interpret scale drawings and models using maps and blueprints.

7.C.4c Convert within and between measurement systems and monetary systems using technology where appropriate.

Objectives:

 

Students will use the written description of the region and an “un-scaled” map to create a scale and determine the area and perimeter of the region.  Students will clearly explain their process for determining the scale in writing.  Furthermore, students will discuss, in paragraphs, the accuracy and reliability of types of historical documents and the pros and cons to using each type.

 

Resources:

 

Hallenberg, Adolph. “Plot of Tippecanoe battleground, November 7th, 1811.” 1897. The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820. [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/fawbib:@field(DOCID+@lit(apc0020))] [icufaw apc0020] (February 2004).

Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.

 

Historical Text

The camping ground was a spot of high oak land rising several feet above a marshy prairie fronting it on the southeast, and extending to the Indian town. The height at the west bank of this tract was much greater and overlooked a small prairie, through the edge of which, near the border of the camping ground, ran a small stream, now known as Burnett's creek. This stream was skirted on either side by a dense growth of willow and other shrubs. The place was an admirable camping ground, but it afforded every facility for a night surprise, which was just the kind of an attack meditated by the Indians. General Harrison, familiar with the methods of Indian warfare, was ever ready for emergencies. To offset this danger, he ordered his army to encamp in readiness for battle, the men sleeping upon their arms. The front, or southeast, and rear lines along the creek were guarded by columns of infantry, separated on the north, or left flank, by about 159 yards, but at the right, or south end, where the ground approached an abrupt point, the front and rear lines were but about eighty yards distant. This flank occupied a line about 150 yards north of the point, and was composed of Captain Spencer's company of eighty mounted riflemen. This company was known as the Yellow-jackets, because of the color of their uniform. The left flank was more exposed and consisted of 120 mounted riflemen, under command of Major-general Wells, of the Kentucky volunteers. The front line, facing the marshy prairie to the southeast, was composed of Major Floyd's battalion of United States infantry, flanked on the left and right by two companies.

The rear line, facing Burnett's creek, was occupied by Major Baen's battalion of United States infantry, and four companies of militia infantry, commanded by Lieutenant-colonel Decker. Two companies of dragoons, consisting of sixty men, under command of Major Joseph H. Daveiss, occupied a position in the rear of the left flank, while Captain Parke, with a larger force, was placed to the rear of the front. In case a night attack was made, the dragoons were instructed to parade dismounted, with pistols in belt, as a reserve corps.

 

Beard, Reed. “The Battle of Tippecanoe: Historical Sketches of the Famous Field Upon Which General William Henry Harrison Won Renown that Aided him in Reaching the Presidency, Fourth Edition.” 1911. Hammond

Press. W. B. Conkey Company. Chicago. (February 2004).

http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/ky/tippecanoe/chapter5.html

USGENWEB NOTICE: In keeping with our policy of providing free information on the Internet, data may be freely used by non-commercial entities, as long as this message remains on all copied material. These electronic pages cannot be reproduced in any format for profit or other presentation.

Methods:

 

Students are put into groups of 1 to 3 and are given a copy of the plot of the Tippecanoe battleground and a ruler. Student directions are as follows (or click here for printable word document):

There is no legend (scale) on the map of the battleground of Tippecanoe. Using the information in the historical account below, create a legend for the map. Read carefully and consider the plot cautiously. You may have to do some “guesswork” and logical reasoning as to where the author is placing the columns of infantry based on the information given. You will need a ruler and can make your legend in inches or centimeters. Put your legend (scale) on the map once you have determined it. You will be putting other markings on your map later. You will also have to write a number of paragraphs as you proceed. These paragraphs should all be on a single sheet of paper (or more if needed) and should be neat and in ink. You will probably want to write rough drafts of your paragraphs.

The camping ground was a spot of high oak land rising several feet above a marshy prairie fronting it on the southeast, and extending to the Indian town. The height at the west bank of this tract was much greater and overlooked a small prairie, through the edge of which, near the border of the camping ground, ran a small stream, now known as Burnett's creek. This stream was skirted on either side by a dense growth of willow and other shrubs. The place was an admirable camping ground, but it afforded every facility for a night surprise, which was just the kind of an attack meditated by the Indians. General Harrison, familiar with the methods of Indian warfare, was ever ready for emergencies. To offset this danger, he ordered his army to encamp in readiness for battle, the men sleeping upon their arms. The front, or southeast, and rear lines along the creek were guarded by columns of infantry, separated on the north, or left flank, by about 159 yards, but at the right, or south end, where the ground approached an abrupt point, the front and rear lines were but about eighty yards distant. This flank occupied a line about 150 yards north of the point, and was composed of Captain Spencer's company of eighty mounted riflemen. This company was known as the Yellow-jackets, because of the color of their uniform. The left flank was more exposed and consisted of 120 mounted riflemen, under command of Major-general Wells, of the Kentucky volunteers. The front line, facing the marshy prairie to the southeast, was composed of Major Floyd's battalion of United States infantry, flanked on the left and right by two companies.

The rear line, facing Burnett's creek, was occupied by Major Baen's battalion of United States infantry, and four companies of militia infantry, commanded by Lieutenant-colonel Decker. Two companies of dragoons, consisting of sixty men, under command of Major Joseph H. Daveiss, occupied a position in the rear of the left flank, while Captain Parke, with a larger force, was placed to the rear of the front. In case a night attack was made, the dragoons were instructed to parade dismounted, with pistols in belt, as a reserve corps.

Above excerpt from: http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/ky/tippecanoe/chapter5.html

In a paragraph, explain how you developed your legend (scale). Be specific in explaining what you used from the text and what logic you used in determining where the columns of infantry were.

Using your legend, determine the dimensions of each side of the pentagonal region Harrison’s forces used as their campground and find the perimeter of the plot. Write the perimeter on your plot (be sure to label it so I know what it is).


Find the area of the pentagonal plot (in square yards). To do this you will need to divide the pentagon into smaller regions (that you know how to find the area of) and add to find total area of the identified campground (the whole pentagon). Show how you broke down the region into workable shapes by drawing heavy lines on the plot. Write the area of the campground alongside your legend and perimeter on your copy of the plot. Again, label this clearly.

How many acres of land was Harrison claiming as his camp? (You will need to find the number of square feet (or square yards) in an acre for this.) Put this area calculation alongside your previous area value on your plot (label).

In a paragraph or two, discuss the following. Do you think the dimensions in the historical account are reasonable. Also, does the map appear to actually be drawn to scale based on this information? What elements on the map or parts of the map suggest it is, or is not, drawn to scale. Be specific.

In a paragraph or two, discuss the following. Which would you trust as a more reliable source of information; drawn maps of historical regions or written accounts of events in regions? Could the answer be different based on circumstances? In what ways could each source type be inaccurate? What are the pros and cons of accepting each as true?

Evaluation:

 If the activity were to be worth 100 points.I would suggest a break down as follows:

The map:

legend (reasonably determined based on size it was copied at)

Area of plot (correct for their legend)

Perimeter of plot (correct for their legend)

Acreage of plot (correct for their area)

15 points 

15 points

10 points

10 points

The paragraphs:

1 P; how was legend created

1-2 P; discussion of apparent accuracy of
historical and map information

1-2 P; discussion of trust in types of sources/
pros/cons

10 points

15 points

 

15 points

Teamwork:

worked well together/member did his/her part

10 points

 

 

Keywords for this lesson:  area, perimeter, scale model, scale diagram